Horseman advancing right, holding a spear, mintmark below / Inscription in Russian giving Ivan's name and titles. 12-17mm, about 0.6 to 0.7 grams. Different mints and types are included, mostly kopeks he issued as a Tsar and some dengas he minted as a Duke. Coins are unsorted, the price is US$ 6.50 per coin.

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Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV, 1530–1584) was the first ruler to be crowned Tsar of All Russia, reigning from 1547 to 1584. His rule marked a major turning point in Russian history, as he expanded the Russian state significantly through the conquest of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberian territories, transforming Russia into a vast, multiethnic empire. Ivan’s early reign included reforms in law, military, and administration, but his later years were marked by growing paranoia, cruelty, and repression. He created the Oprichnina, a secret police and personal guard that conducted widespread purges, mass executions, and terror, particularly against the nobility (boyars). His violent temper famously led to the accidental killing of his own son and heir. Despite his brutality, Ivan the Terrible centralized royal power and laid the foundations of the modern Russian state, but also left the country weakened, leading to the Time of Troubles after his death.