Horseman left, carrying a hawk on his left hand, flower below horse // As-sultan / al-azam Ghiyas / ud-dunya wa ud-din abu/l fat'h Mahmud bin / Muhammad Sam in a number of lines. NM (Shafurqan). 14mm, 3.19 grams. Tye 144.

Rare issue of the short-lived Ghorid ruler. It is published in Tye, otherwise unpublished elsewhere.

Ghiyath-ud-din Mahmud bin Muhammad bin Sam (r. 1206–1212) was a ruler of the declining Ghurid Dynasty following the death of his father, the powerful sultan Muhammad of Ghor (Muʿizz al-Din). Mahmud struggled to maintain control over the fragmented Ghorid territories, as the empire quickly unraveled under pressure from rival powers and internal divisions. Much of its former dominion in northern India was lost to emerging regional dynasties, including the early Delhi Sultanate, while western lands fell under the influence of the Khwarazmian Empire. His short reign reflects the rapid collapse of Ghorid authority, and by the time of his death around 1212, the once-expansive empire had effectively disintegrated.