Bilingual silver asper naming Filippo Maria Visconti, of Milan and Genoa (1421-1435) and Haci Girey (1428/1434-1466) of the Jochid Mongols (Retowski 245)

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+°a°cAFÆ°P°I°; Genoese coat of arms within a circle, dot below / Arabic inscription Al-Sultan al-Azam Haji Khan, Girey tamgha in the center within a circle. 15mm, 0.63 grams. Mint of Caffa (modern Theodosia , Ukraine). Retowski 245.

The last coins of Caffa were issued under the Girey Khans of the n Khanate. They are considerably scarcer than the earlier pieces issued under the Golden Horde. Haci I Giray Angel (Melek) (died 1466) was the founder and the first ruler of the n Khanate. He is sometimes referred to as Haci Devlet Giray or Devlet Haci Giray. He is said to have been an 11th generation descendant of Genghis Khan. The Khanate was founded when certain clans of the Golden Horde Empire ceased their nomadic life in the Desht-i Kipchak (Kypchak Steppes of today's Ukraine and South Russia) and decided to make their yurt (homeland), which at that time had been an ulus (district) of the Golden Horde since 1239. The local separatists invited a Genghisid contender for the Golden Horde throne, Haci Giray, to be their khan. Haci Giray accepted their invitation and traveled from exile in Lithuania. He warred for independence against the Golden Horde from 1420 to 1441, in the end achieving success. But Haci Giray then had to fight off internal rivals before he could ascend the throne of the khanate in 1449, after which he moved its capital to Qirq Yer (today part of Bahçeseray). The khanate included the n peninsula (except the south and southwest coast and ports, controlled by the Republic of Genoa) and the steppes of modern southern Ukraine and Russia, also known as Desht-i Kipchak.


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