{"product_id":"rrr-brass-cash-kanei-tsuho-w-manchu-late-1700s-bali-island-kingdoms-indonesia","title":"RRR brass cash, Kanei Tsuho w\/Manchu, late 1700s, Bali Island Kingdoms, Indonesia","description":"\u003cp\u003eVery crude characters Kanei Tsuho \/\/ Crude upside down \u003cem\u003eBoo Chiowan \u003c\/em\u003ein Manchu. 23.5mm, 3.61 grams. cf. Zeno 294162; Mitchiner -; Millies -.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare extremely crude imitation of the Japanese Kanei Tsuho with the Manchu inscription on the reverse taken from the Chinese Qing Coins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarious brass imitations were cast in Bali in the late 18th, early 19th century, and possibly later. They are sometimes assumed to be tokens of some sorts, but they are found in hoards (sometimes quite large) alongside official Qing cash (see Zeno #229418) and were probably circulated as local currency of sorts. The early pieces were cast in brass, later pieces were cast in zinc. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eBefore the Dutch arrival, Bali was not a single unified state, but a collection of Hindu kingdoms ruled by Balinese rajas descended culturally and politically from Majapahit. By the 17th–19th centuries, Bali was fragmented into rival kingdoms such as Gelgel, later Klungkung, Karangasem, Buleleng, Badung, Tabanan, and Mengwi. None of them issued coins - this type of Zinc cash is probably the only attributable type of coins from this period from one of the Bali Kingdoms. \u003c\/span\u003eThe Dutch first established influence in parts of Bali in the mid-1800s but did not fully subjugate the island until a series of brutal military campaigns between 1846 and 1908, including the famous puputan (ritual mass suicides) of Balinese courts. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51678552523067,"sku":"x3802-60541","price":68.25,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w60541.jpg?v=1789176789","url":"https:\/\/www.numismall.com\/products\/rrr-brass-cash-kanei-tsuho-w-manchu-late-1700s-bali-island-kingdoms-indonesia","provider":"NumisMall","version":"1.0","type":"link"}