{"title":"Muslim Sind and Punjab (712-1500 AD)","description":"In 711\/712 Sind and Punjab were conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate. These were the most remote new provinces of the Caliphate - because of the distance, they quickly broken away from the Caliphate, and the Caliph's power over the provinces remained only nominal. The local governors and rulers of various dynasties minted fascinating little silver, copper and gold coins.","products":[{"product_id":"w36289","title":"Rare bilingual AR damma of Asad\/Srimad Varaha, later 800s, Samid Amirs of Multan (F\/T #M65)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Asad\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/\/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSri mad \/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e. 12.5mm, 0.59 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M65.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare ruler.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\", mentioned on the reverse, is the boar avatar of Vishnu. The appearance of the boar avatar of Lord Vishnu on the coins of Assad is perhaps even more puzzling than the appearance of Mithra on the coins of Muhammad III.  Why this particular avatar of Vishnu, haram in Islam, would be selected for this honour is hard to rationalize. It is likely that Srimad Varāha was the \u003cem\u003ebiruda \u003c\/em\u003eof Assad, which he adopted for himself in imitation of Mihira Bhoja I (836-85 CE), who might have been dead at this point. This suggestion is supported by the fact that, while the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-varāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Assad is similar to the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-adivarāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Mihira Bhoja, it is actually not identical. The title might not have carried actual religious meaning to Assad, instead being used much like the titles “Augustus”, “Caesar” or “second Alexander”: in this context the meaning of Srimad Varāha title would have been that Assad defeated the enemies of his land and rescued it, just as Vishnu, as Varāha, rescued earth personified by the goddess Bhudevi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958913671318,"sku":"x1426-w36289","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36289.jpg?v=1658281573"},{"product_id":"w36288","title":"Silver damma of governor Asad, bilingual type with Arabic and Brahmi inscriptions,  Multan, ca.712-856 AD - Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Asad\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/\/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSri mad \/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e. 13mmx10mm, 0.48 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M65.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare ruler.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\", mentioned on the reverse, is the boar avatar of Vishnu. The appearance of the boar avatar of Lord Vishnu on the coins of Assad is perhaps even more puzzling than the appearance of Mithra on the coins of Muhammad III.  Why this particular avatar of Vishnu, haram in Islam, would be selected for this honour is hard to rationalize. It is likely that Srimad Varāha was the \u003cem\u003ebiruda \u003c\/em\u003eof Assad, which he adopted for himself in imitation of Mihira Bhoja I (836-85 CE), who might have been dead at this point. This suggestion is supported by the fact that, while the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-varāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Assad is similar to the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-adivarāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Mihira Bhoja, it is actually not identical. The title might not have carried actual religious meaning to Assad, instead being used much like the titles “Augustus”, “Caesar” or “second Alexander”: in this context the meaning of Srimad Varāha title would have been that Assad defeated the enemies of his land and rescued it, just as Vishnu, as Varāha, rescued earth personified by the goddess Bhudevi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958913704086,"sku":"x1425-w36288","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36288.jpg?v=1658281574"},{"product_id":"w36284","title":"Bilingual silver damma of Asad\/Srimad Varaha, later 800s, Samid Amirs of Multan (F\/T #M65)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Asad\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/\/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSri mad \/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e. 12mmx16mm, 0.64 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M65.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare ruler.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\", mentioned on the reverse, is the boar avatar of Vishnu. The appearance of the boar avatar of Lord Vishnu on the coins of Assad is perhaps even more puzzling than the appearance of Mithra on the coins of Muhammad III.  Why this particular avatar of Vishnu, haram in Islam, would be selected for this honour is hard to rationalize. It is likely that Srimad Varāha was the \u003cem\u003ebiruda \u003c\/em\u003eof Assad, which he adopted for himself in imitation of Mihira Bhoja I (836-85 CE), who might have been dead at this point. This suggestion is supported by the fact that, while the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-varāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Assad is similar to the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-adivarāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Mihira Bhoja, it is actually not identical. The title might not have carried actual religious meaning to Assad, instead being used much like the titles “Augustus”, “Caesar” or “second Alexander”: in this context the meaning of Srimad Varāha title would have been that Assad defeated the enemies of his land and rescued it, just as Vishnu, as Varāha, rescued earth personified by the goddess Bhudevi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958913736854,"sku":"x1424-w36284","price":40.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36284.jpg?v=1658281576"},{"product_id":"w36200","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 13mm, 0.55 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916358294,"sku":"x1388-w36200","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w36200_a616d087-e962-46b6-acaf-94026c2596ae.jpg?v=1699381690"},{"product_id":"w36199","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.56 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916391062,"sku":"x1387-w36199","price":28.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36199.jpg?v=1658281643"},{"product_id":"w36194","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 11mmx10mm, 0.63 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916489366,"sku":"x1384-w36194","price":16.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36194.jpg?v=1658281649"},{"product_id":"w36192","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 11mmx13mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916522134,"sku":"x1383-w36192","price":24.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w36192_a3ad2ff2-61a6-4325-8786-25bfef5b6df1.jpg?v=1762206969"},{"product_id":"w36189","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.57 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916554902,"sku":"x1382-w36189","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36189.jpg?v=1658281653"},{"product_id":"w36188","title":"RRR type silver damma of Assad, late 800s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eRRR type silver damma of Assad, late 800s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic, crescent with a star inside below \/ Nagari legend Srimad\u003cem\u003e\/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.59 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M66.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare type with the crescent and star on obverse, only three examples cited by Fishman and Todd - this coin is of higher quality than any of the three coins shown in the \"Silver Damma\". \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\" on the reverse references the \"Boar\" incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The fact that a Hindu deity (and especially a boar deity) would be refenced on an Islamic coinage is fascinating! \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916587670,"sku":"x1381-w36188","price":65.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36188.jpg?v=1658281655"},{"product_id":"w36187","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic, altar base below (scarcer variety) \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 11mm, 0.58 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916849814,"sku":"x1380-w36187","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36187.jpg?v=1658281656"},{"product_id":"w36186","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic, altar base below \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 13mmx11mm, 0.56 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh quality example, rare this nice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916882582,"sku":"x1379-w36186","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36186.jpg?v=1658281658"},{"product_id":"w36184","title":"Rare AR damma, Ahmed, Multan, c.800 AD, Abbasid Caliphal governors of Multan (G\/T#43)","description":"\u003cp\u003eArabic inscription \u003cem\u003eAllah Wali \/ Ahmad wa\/ fanasr\u003c\/em\u003e in three lines (\"Allah is the friend of Ahmd and his helper\") \/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Pa\" and \"Ta\" in fields, below Ahmd Lillah in arabic. 14mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M43.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLike his immediate predecessor, Muhammad II, Ahmed I only struck coins with the standard “Allah wali” legend. Coins of Ahmed I are rarer than those of Muhammad II.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three-dot coins with arabic legends were among the earliest of the Caliphal types produced in Multan after the Muslim conquest of the area in the early 700s.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916915350,"sku":"x1378-w36184","price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36184.jpg?v=1658281659"},{"product_id":"w36183","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 13mm, 0.54 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916948118,"sku":"x1377-w36183","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36183.jpg?v=1658281661"},{"product_id":"w36182","title":"Published AR damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 14.5mmx11.5mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56.1 (early type, rare).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis particular coin is shown in \"The Silver Damma\" catalogue (#M56.1). It is the nicest of the 8 listed coins of this type.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins - as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916980886,"sku":"x1376-w36182","price":75.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36182.jpg?v=1658281662"},{"product_id":"w36179","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 11mmx13mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917013654,"sku":"x1375-w36179","price":29.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w36179_563972e8-5c5a-4ad8-8d03-009a303705c3.jpg?v=1762207160"},{"product_id":"w36177","title":"Silver damma of governor Asad, bilingual type with Arabic and Brahmi inscriptions,  Multan, ca. 712-856 AD - Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Asad in arabic \/ Nagari legend Sri MaHa\/Pa RaHa. 12mmx11mm, 0.47 grams. Unpublished and very rare.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe arabic legend gives the name of \"Asad\" - probably the name of the local Ummayad governor of Multan. The Brahmi legend \"Sri Ma ha pa ra ha\" might either name the local Hindu ruler \"Mahaparaha\", or might be the epiphet or Hindu name for the Governor Asad, as it translates \"Lord Great Paraha\". Coins of Asad are very rare, never published or listed anywhere.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins we are also selling on our site. These probably have the destinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917046422,"sku":"x1374-w36177","price":84.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36177.jpg?v=1658281665"},{"product_id":"w36176","title":"Silver damma of governor Mohamed, Multan, ca. 712-856 AD - Ummayad and Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tArabic inscription Allah Wali \/ Mohamed wa\/ Nasereh in three lines (\"Allah is the friend of Mohamed and his helper\") \/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Pa\" and \"Ta\" in fields, below Ahmd Lillah in arabic. 13.5mm, 0.59 grams. Unpublished and very rare.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins. These probably have the destinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . The identity of this \"Mohamed\" is not known, but it is likely he was an Ummayad governor of Multan. I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917111958,"sku":"x1373-w36176","price":73.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36176.jpg?v=1658281667"},{"product_id":"w36170","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 15mm11mm, 0.57 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917243030,"sku":"x1369-w36170","price":68.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36170.jpg?v=1658281672"},{"product_id":"w36169","title":"Silver damma of governor Asad, bilingual type with Arabic and Brahmi inscriptions,  Multan, ca.712-856 AD - Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Asad in arabic \/ Nagari legend Sri MaHa\/Pa RaHa. 12mmx13mm, 0.36 grams. Unpublished and very rare.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe arabic legend gives the name of \"Asad\" - probably the name of the local Ummayad governor of Multan. The Brahmi legend \"Sri Ma ha pa ra ha\" might either name the local Hindu ruler \"Mahaparaha\", or might be the epiphet or Hindu name for the Governor Asad, as it translates \"Lord Great Paraha\". Coins of Asad are very rare, never published or listed anywhere. His coins are the lightest in the Multan \"three dot\" series, and he might have been the latest of the Muslim  governors there.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins we are also selling on our site. These probably have the destinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917505174,"sku":"x1368-w36169","price":84.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36169.jpg?v=1658281674"},{"product_id":"w35313","title":"Scarcer AR damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Shibl in arabic, altar base below (scarcer variety) \/ Nagari legend SriJaYan \/ TaRaJa (\"Victorious King\"). 11mm, 0.58 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958945390742,"sku":"x1076-w35313","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w35313.jpg?v=1658282114"},{"product_id":"w17504","title":"Rare ruler! Silver qanhari dirham in the names of Amir Hatim and his overlord Umar (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #22)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah yathiqu Hatim wa bihi yantasir  \/ Lillah Muhammed rasul Allah Umar , \"Umar\" surrounded by three annulets (\"in Allah trusts Hatim and in himvictorious \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Umar\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.47 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 22; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tTwo names appear on this type  -  that of Hatim and of Umar. Amir Umar is known from his own coins, and coins of Yahya (also naming Umar as a second person). It is thought that this Umar was the overlord of Hatim, perhaps a governor of Sind and Multan and the surrounding area. Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985777402006,"sku":"x3349-w17504","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17504.jpg?v=1659122514"},{"product_id":"w17487","title":"Rare ruler! Silver qanhari dirham in the names of Amir Hatim and his overlord Umar (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #22)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah yathiqu Hatim wa bihi yantasir  \/ Lillah Muhammed rasul Allah Umar (\"in Allah trusts Hatim and in himvictorious \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Umar\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.51 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 22; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tTwo names appear on this type  -  that of Hatim and of Umar. Amir Umar is known from his own coins, and coins of Yahya (also naming Umar as a second person). It is thought that this Umar was the overlord of Hatim, perhaps a governor of Sind and Multan and the surrounding area. Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985777467542,"sku":"x3348-w17487","price":22.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17487.jpg?v=1659122515"},{"product_id":"w17484","title":"Extremely rare copper fals of Abd-Allah (ca.9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #5)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah Abd-Allah...  (\"In Allah Abd-Allah...\") in Arabic within a cartouche \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines and additional unread inscriptions. 10mm, 1.11 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS -; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe copper coins of the Amirs of Sind were only recently identified and published, though many types still remain unpublished and unresearched.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985777729686,"sku":"x3346-w17484","price":31.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17484.jpg?v=1659122518"},{"product_id":"w17481","title":"Extremely rare copper fals of Amir Abd Allah (ca.9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #-)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tAbd Allah Arabic within a cartouche \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines and additional unread inscriptions. 11mm, 1.11 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS -; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe copper coins of the Amirs of Sind were only recently identified and published, though many types still remain unpublished and unresearched.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985777827990,"sku":"x3344-w17481","price":37.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17481.jpg?v=1659122521"},{"product_id":"w17480","title":"Anonymous bronze fals with \"Allah\", ca.9th-11 century AD, Amirs of Sind (AS #-)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tAllah  in a circle \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines and additional unread inscriptions. 10mm, 0.84 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS -; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe copper coins of the Amirs of Sind were only recently identified and published, though many types still remain unpublished and unresearched.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985777860758,"sku":"x3343-w17480","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17480.jpg?v=1659122523"},{"product_id":"w17477","title":"Very rare copper fals of Amir Ahmd (ca.9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #-)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah yantasir wa yastain Ahmd (\"Ahmd will be victorious and will seek help from Allah\" (?) in Arabic within a cartouche \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines. 12mm, 1.16 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS -; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe copper coins of the Amirs of Sind were only recently identified and published, though many types still remain unpublished and unresearched.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985777991830,"sku":"x3341-w17477","price":33.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17477.jpg?v=1659122526"},{"product_id":"w17475","title":"Unidentified bronze fals, ca.9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #-)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tUncertain Arabic inscriptions \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines and additional unread inscriptions. 10mm, 1.00 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS -; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe copper coins of the Amirs of Sind were only recently identified and published, though many types still remain unpublished and unresearched.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778057366,"sku":"x3339-w17475","price":18.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17475.jpg?v=1659122529"},{"product_id":"w17474","title":"Extremely rare copper fals of Amir Umar (ca.9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #37)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah Yathiqu Umar wa bihi yantasir  (\"In Allah trusts Umar and in him victorious\") in Arabic within a cartouche \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines and additional unread inscriptions (probably \"Mohamed Rasul Allah Umar\"). 11mm, 0.60 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 37; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe copper coins of the Amirs of Sind were only recently identified and published, though many types still remain unpublished and unresearched.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778090134,"sku":"x3338-w17474","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17474.jpg?v=1659122530"},{"product_id":"w17473","title":"Rare bronze fals, c.1000\/1050 CE, Habbarid Sindh successor states","description":"\u003cp\u003eCorrupt unreadable pseudo-arabic inscription \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines and additional unread inscriptions. 10mm, 1.11 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS -; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe legends on these coins are always fragmentary; I have reconstructed many of them by comparing numerous specimens. However, I have set aside plans to publish these findings for the time being. This Da'ud is distinct from the ruler named Da'ud who issued silver dammas in Sindh - he never issued silver coins. The coin appears to be relatively late and was probably struck by a minor ruler of a small Sindhi successor state. As the mint for this type remains unidentified, it is not currently possible to determine the precise extent or location of his domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese small copper fals were minted in Habbarid Sindh toward the end of the Amirate, during the late 10th and early 11th centuries. These are nearly unknown, compared to their better known silver counterparts, the Habbarid dammas. Some of these coins bear the names Ahmed - presumably Ahmed of Sindh, who ruled in the late 10th century - and Abdallah, likely his son. Other names appearing on these coins, such as Da'ud, are otherwise unknown and may represent minor or late Habbarid rulers who never issued silver coinage and are otherwise unknown. These pieces likely originated from the fragmented remnants of the Habbarid domains. They are fascinating coins, never properly studied or published. I acquired a group of them many years ago, intending to research and publish them one day, though it now seems that may never happen.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778122902,"sku":"x3337-w17473","price":13.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17473.jpg?v=1659122531"},{"product_id":"w17472","title":"Rare copper fals of Amir Mohamed (ca.9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #28)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah Muhammed yasatin (\"Mohamed seeks help from Allah\") in Arabic wothon a cartouche \/ Flower in the center in a square, surrounded by lines. 11mm, 1.00 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 28; Rajgor -.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe copper coins of the Amirs of Sind were only recently identified and published, though many types still remain unpublished and unresearched.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778155670,"sku":"x3336-w17472","price":23.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17472.jpg?v=1659122533"},{"product_id":"w17464","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir 'Ali (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #15)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah yathiqu Ali wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir 'Ali  (\"in Allah trusts Ali and in him victorious \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Ali\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.46 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS15; Rajgor 3253.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778253974,"sku":"x3334-w17464","price":27.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17464.jpg?v=1659122536"},{"product_id":"w17459","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham with Shahada, Amir 'Abdallah (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #2)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tLa ilah illa allah wahdahu la sharik lahu \/ Muhammed rasul Allah, al-amir Abdallah  (\"There is no god by Allah alone, no partner to him \/ Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Amir Abdallah\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.49 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 2; Rajgor 3250.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778352278,"sku":"x3332-w17459","price":31.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17459.jpg?v=1659122540"},{"product_id":"w17453","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham (Billa thiqqa type), Amir Abd al-Rahman (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #6)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBilla thiqqa Amir Abd al Rahman wa nasarahu \/ Lillah Muhammad rasul Allah, Abd al-Rahman (\"in Allah the trust of Abd al-Rahman and he makes him victorious \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Abd al-Rahman\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.58 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS6.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778385046,"sku":"x3331-w17453","price":22.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17453.jpg?v=1659122542"},{"product_id":"w17436","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir 'Abdallah (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #1)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tAllah wali Abd Allah wa nasareh \/ Lillah Muhammed rasul Allah Abd Allah (\"Allah is the friend of Abdallah and his helper \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Abdallah\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.50 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 1; Rajgor 3251.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778450582,"sku":"x3329-w17436","price":23.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17436.jpg?v=1659122544"},{"product_id":"w17435","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir Mohamed (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #25)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBilla thiqqa Amir Muhammed wa nasarahu \/ Lillah Muhammad rasul Allah in Arabic spread on both sides (\"in Allah the trust of Mohamed and he makes him victorious \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Mohamed\") . 11mm, 0.55 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS25.\u003cbr\u003e \t \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778483350,"sku":"x3328-w17435","price":27.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17435.jpg?v=1659122546"},{"product_id":"w17430","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham with Shahada, Amir 'Abdallah (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #2)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tLa ilah illa allah wahdahu la sharik lahu \/ Muhammed rasul Allah, al-amir Abdallah  (\"There is no god by Allah alone, no partner to him \/ Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Amir Abdallah\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.47 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 2; Rajgor 3250.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778548886,"sku":"x3327-w17430","price":24.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17430.jpg?v=1659122548"},{"product_id":"w17426","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir Mohamed (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #25)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBilla thiqqa Amir Muhammed wa nasarahu \/ Lillah Muhammad rasul Allah in Arabic spread on both sides (\"in Allah the trust of Mohamed and he makes him victorious \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Mohamed\") . 11mm, 0.54 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS25.\u003cbr\u003e \t \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985778614422,"sku":"x3326-w17426","price":24.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17426.jpg?v=1659122550"},{"product_id":"w12863","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.59 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815478422,"sku":"x2706-w12863","price":56.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12863.jpg?v=1659123373"},{"product_id":"w12860","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.53 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815543958,"sku":"x2705-w12860","price":28.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12860.jpg?v=1659123375"},{"product_id":"w12851","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir Umar (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (#AS33)","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillah yathiqu wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir Umar in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.45 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS33.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815609494,"sku":"x2704-w12851","price":28.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12851.jpg?v=1659123376"},{"product_id":"w12847","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir 'Ali (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #15)","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillah yathiqu Ali wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir 'Ali in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.67 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS15; Rajgor 3253.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815642262,"sku":"x2702-w12847","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12847.jpg?v=1659123379"},{"product_id":"w12844","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir Umar (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (#AS33)","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillah yathiqu wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir Umar in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.54 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS33.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815740566,"sku":"x2700-w12844","price":21.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12844.jpg?v=1659123381"},{"product_id":"w12838","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir Umar (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (#AS33)","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillah yathiqu wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir Umar in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.51 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS33.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815773334,"sku":"x2698-w12838","price":23.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12838.jpg?v=1659123383"},{"product_id":"w12829","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir 'Abdallah (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #1)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAllah wali Abd Allah wa nasareh \/ Lillah Muhammed rasul Allah Abd Allah (\"Allah is the friend of Abdallah and his helper\/in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Abdallah\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.64 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 1; Rajgor 3251.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815904406,"sku":"x2695-w12829","price":24.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12829.jpg?v=1659123388"},{"product_id":"w17451","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir 'Ali (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #15)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tBillah yathiqu Ali wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir 'Ali  (\"in Allah trusts Ali and in him victorious \/ in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Ali\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.62 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS15; Rajgor 3253.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tSind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41986015821974,"sku":"x3330-w17451","price":23.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w17451.jpg?v=1659128323"},{"product_id":"w12849","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir 'Abdallah (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #1)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAllah wali Abd Allah wa nasareh \/ Lillah Muhammed rasul Allah Abd Allah (\"Allah is the friend of Abdallah and his helper\/in God Muhammed is the messenger of Allah, Abdallah\") in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.48 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS 1; Rajgor 3251.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41986027126934,"sku":"x2703-w12849","price":24.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12849.jpg?v=1659128508"},{"product_id":"w12845","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham (Billa thiqqa type), Amir Abd al-Rahman (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind","description":"\u003cp\u003eBilla thiqqa Amir Abd al Rahman wa nasarahu \/ Lillah Muhammad rasul Allah in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.61 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS6.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41986027225238,"sku":"x2701-w12845","price":25.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12845.jpg?v=1659128509"},{"product_id":"w12842","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir 'Ali (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind (AS #15)","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillah yathiqu Ali wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir 'Ali in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.57 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS15; Rajgor 3253.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41986027258006,"sku":"x2699-w12842","price":27.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12842.jpg?v=1659128511"},{"product_id":"w7906","title":"Rare silver damma of governor al-Rabbi', Multan, ca. 712-856 AD, Umayyad and Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eRare silver damma of governor al-Rabbi', Multan, ca. 712-856 AD, Umayyad and Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrude bust facing left \/ Three dots, stylized \"Sri\" above, Nagari letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa+\" in fields, below Lillah al-Rabbi' in arabic. 12mm, 0.6 grams. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins. These probably have the distinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42029634224278,"sku":"x4316-w7906","price":118.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w7906.jpg?v=1660662737"},{"product_id":"w10456","title":"Quality silver qanhari dirham, Amir Umar (9th-11 century AD), Amirs of Sind","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillah yathiqu wa bihi yantasir \/ Illah Muhammed rasul Allah al Amir Umar in Arabic spread on both sides. 11mm, 0.59 grams. \"The coins of the Indian Sultanates\"#AS33.Sind was the first part of India to come under muslim rule. The earliest Amirs issued small silver coins (1\/4 dirhams) - all carrying the name of the Amir, but without any dates, so they are very difficult to date exactly, especially since the Amirs of Sind are virtually unknown from other sources. These coins are generally not rare, but are difficult to find in high quality, like this coin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42029754974358,"sku":"x4561-w10456","price":23.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w10456.jpg?v=1660665581"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/collections\/Image12.jpg?v=1600263245","url":"https:\/\/www.numismall.com\/collections\/muslim-sind-and-punjab-712-1500-ad.oembed?page=9","provider":"NumisMall","version":"1.0","type":"link"}