{"title":"Caliphal governors and Amirs of Multan, 712-960 AD","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe area of Sindh and Punjab was conquered by the Muslims around 712 AD - the Abbasid Caliphate controlled the region directly until the middle of the 9th century. After that the region fragmented into a number of independent or semi-independent Sultanates. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe unique Caliphal and later coins of the region minted after the Arab conquest were only recently studied and published - they remain a fascinating and unique field of numismatics. \u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"w36289","title":"Rare bilingual AR damma of Asad\/Srimad Varaha, later 800s, Samid Amirs of Multan (F\/T #M65)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Asad\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/\/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSri mad \/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e. 12.5mm, 0.59 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M65.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare ruler.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\", mentioned on the reverse, is the boar avatar of Vishnu. The appearance of the boar avatar of Lord Vishnu on the coins of Assad is perhaps even more puzzling than the appearance of Mithra on the coins of Muhammad III.  Why this particular avatar of Vishnu, haram in Islam, would be selected for this honour is hard to rationalize. It is likely that Srimad Varāha was the \u003cem\u003ebiruda \u003c\/em\u003eof Assad, which he adopted for himself in imitation of Mihira Bhoja I (836-85 CE), who might have been dead at this point. This suggestion is supported by the fact that, while the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-varāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Assad is similar to the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-adivarāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Mihira Bhoja, it is actually not identical. The title might not have carried actual religious meaning to Assad, instead being used much like the titles “Augustus”, “Caesar” or “second Alexander”: in this context the meaning of Srimad Varāha title would have been that Assad defeated the enemies of his land and rescued it, just as Vishnu, as Varāha, rescued earth personified by the goddess Bhudevi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958913671318,"sku":"x1426-w36289","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36289.jpg?v=1658281573"},{"product_id":"w36288","title":"Silver damma of governor Asad, bilingual type with Arabic and Brahmi inscriptions,  Multan, ca.712-856 AD - Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Asad\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/\/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSri mad \/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e. 13mmx10mm, 0.48 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M65.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare ruler.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\", mentioned on the reverse, is the boar avatar of Vishnu. The appearance of the boar avatar of Lord Vishnu on the coins of Assad is perhaps even more puzzling than the appearance of Mithra on the coins of Muhammad III.  Why this particular avatar of Vishnu, haram in Islam, would be selected for this honour is hard to rationalize. It is likely that Srimad Varāha was the \u003cem\u003ebiruda \u003c\/em\u003eof Assad, which he adopted for himself in imitation of Mihira Bhoja I (836-85 CE), who might have been dead at this point. This suggestion is supported by the fact that, while the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-varāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Assad is similar to the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-adivarāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Mihira Bhoja, it is actually not identical. The title might not have carried actual religious meaning to Assad, instead being used much like the titles “Augustus”, “Caesar” or “second Alexander”: in this context the meaning of Srimad Varāha title would have been that Assad defeated the enemies of his land and rescued it, just as Vishnu, as Varāha, rescued earth personified by the goddess Bhudevi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958913704086,"sku":"x1425-w36288","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36288.jpg?v=1658281574"},{"product_id":"w36284","title":"Bilingual silver damma of Asad\/Srimad Varaha, later 800s, Samid Amirs of Multan (F\/T #M65)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Asad\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/\/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSri mad \/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e. 12mmx16mm, 0.64 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M65.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare ruler.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\", mentioned on the reverse, is the boar avatar of Vishnu. The appearance of the boar avatar of Lord Vishnu on the coins of Assad is perhaps even more puzzling than the appearance of Mithra on the coins of Muhammad III.  Why this particular avatar of Vishnu, haram in Islam, would be selected for this honour is hard to rationalize. It is likely that Srimad Varāha was the \u003cem\u003ebiruda \u003c\/em\u003eof Assad, which he adopted for himself in imitation of Mihira Bhoja I (836-85 CE), who might have been dead at this point. This suggestion is supported by the fact that, while the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-varāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Assad is similar to the \u003cem\u003eSrimad-adivarāha\u003c\/em\u003e biruda of Mihira Bhoja, it is actually not identical. The title might not have carried actual religious meaning to Assad, instead being used much like the titles “Augustus”, “Caesar” or “second Alexander”: in this context the meaning of Srimad Varāha title would have been that Assad defeated the enemies of his land and rescued it, just as Vishnu, as Varāha, rescued earth personified by the goddess Bhudevi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958913736854,"sku":"x1424-w36284","price":40.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36284.jpg?v=1658281576"},{"product_id":"w36200","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 13mm, 0.55 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916358294,"sku":"x1388-w36200","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w36200_a616d087-e962-46b6-acaf-94026c2596ae.jpg?v=1699381690"},{"product_id":"w36199","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.56 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916391062,"sku":"x1387-w36199","price":28.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36199.jpg?v=1658281643"},{"product_id":"w36194","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 11mmx10mm, 0.63 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916489366,"sku":"x1384-w36194","price":16.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36194.jpg?v=1658281649"},{"product_id":"w36192","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 11mmx13mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916522134,"sku":"x1383-w36192","price":24.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w36192_a3ad2ff2-61a6-4325-8786-25bfef5b6df1.jpg?v=1762206969"},{"product_id":"w36189","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.57 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916554902,"sku":"x1382-w36189","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36189.jpg?v=1658281653"},{"product_id":"w36188","title":"RRR type silver damma of Assad, late 800s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eRRR type silver damma of Assad, late 800s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic, crescent with a star inside below \/ Nagari legend Srimad\u003cem\u003e\/ Varaha\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.59 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M66.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare type with the crescent and star on obverse, only three examples cited by Fishman and Todd - this coin is of higher quality than any of the three coins shown in the \"Silver Damma\". \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Varaha\" on the reverse references the \"Boar\" incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The fact that a Hindu deity (and especially a boar deity) would be refenced on an Islamic coinage is fascinating! \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916587670,"sku":"x1381-w36188","price":65.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36188.jpg?v=1658281655"},{"product_id":"w36187","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic, altar base below (scarcer variety) \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 11mm, 0.58 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916849814,"sku":"x1380-w36187","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36187.jpg?v=1658281656"},{"product_id":"w36186","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic, altar base below \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 13mmx11mm, 0.56 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh quality example, rare this nice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916882582,"sku":"x1379-w36186","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36186.jpg?v=1658281658"},{"product_id":"w36184","title":"Rare AR damma, Ahmed, Multan, c.800 AD, Abbasid Caliphal governors of Multan (G\/T#43)","description":"\u003cp\u003eArabic inscription \u003cem\u003eAllah Wali \/ Ahmad wa\/ fanasr\u003c\/em\u003e in three lines (\"Allah is the friend of Ahmd and his helper\") \/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Pa\" and \"Ta\" in fields, below Ahmd Lillah in arabic. 14mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M43.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLike his immediate predecessor, Muhammad II, Ahmed I only struck coins with the standard “Allah wali” legend. Coins of Ahmed I are rarer than those of Muhammad II.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three-dot coins with arabic legends were among the earliest of the Caliphal types produced in Multan after the Muslim conquest of the area in the early 700s.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916915350,"sku":"x1378-w36184","price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36184.jpg?v=1658281659"},{"product_id":"w36183","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 13mm, 0.54 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916948118,"sku":"x1377-w36183","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36183.jpg?v=1658281661"},{"product_id":"w36182","title":"Published AR damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 14.5mmx11.5mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56.1 (early type, rare).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis particular coin is shown in \"The Silver Damma\" catalogue (#M56.1). It is the nicest of the 8 listed coins of this type.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins - as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958916980886,"sku":"x1376-w36182","price":75.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36182.jpg?v=1658281662"},{"product_id":"w36177","title":"Silver damma of governor Asad, bilingual type with Arabic and Brahmi inscriptions,  Multan, ca. 712-856 AD - Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Asad in arabic \/ Nagari legend Sri MaHa\/Pa RaHa. 12mmx11mm, 0.47 grams. Unpublished and very rare.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe arabic legend gives the name of \"Asad\" - probably the name of the local Ummayad governor of Multan. The Brahmi legend \"Sri Ma ha pa ra ha\" might either name the local Hindu ruler \"Mahaparaha\", or might be the epiphet or Hindu name for the Governor Asad, as it translates \"Lord Great Paraha\". Coins of Asad are very rare, never published or listed anywhere.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins we are also selling on our site. These probably have the destinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917046422,"sku":"x1374-w36177","price":84.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36177.jpg?v=1658281665"},{"product_id":"w36176","title":"Silver damma of governor Mohamed, Multan, ca. 712-856 AD - Ummayad and Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tArabic inscription Allah Wali \/ Mohamed wa\/ Nasereh in three lines (\"Allah is the friend of Mohamed and his helper\") \/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Pa\" and \"Ta\" in fields, below Ahmd Lillah in arabic. 13.5mm, 0.59 grams. Unpublished and very rare.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins. These probably have the destinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . The identity of this \"Mohamed\" is not known, but it is likely he was an Ummayad governor of Multan. I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917111958,"sku":"x1373-w36176","price":73.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36176.jpg?v=1658281667"},{"product_id":"w36170","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 15mm11mm, 0.57 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917243030,"sku":"x1369-w36170","price":68.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36170.jpg?v=1658281672"},{"product_id":"w36169","title":"Silver damma of governor Asad, bilingual type with Arabic and Brahmi inscriptions,  Multan, ca.712-856 AD - Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003e \tThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Asad in arabic \/ Nagari legend Sri MaHa\/Pa RaHa. 12mmx13mm, 0.36 grams. Unpublished and very rare.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThe arabic legend gives the name of \"Asad\" - probably the name of the local Ummayad governor of Multan. The Brahmi legend \"Sri Ma ha pa ra ha\" might either name the local Hindu ruler \"Mahaparaha\", or might be the epiphet or Hindu name for the Governor Asad, as it translates \"Lord Great Paraha\". Coins of Asad are very rare, never published or listed anywhere. His coins are the lightest in the Multan \"three dot\" series, and he might have been the latest of the Muslim  governors there.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \tThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins we are also selling on our site. These probably have the destinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958917505174,"sku":"x1368-w36169","price":84.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36169.jpg?v=1658281674"},{"product_id":"w35313","title":"Scarcer AR damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Ummayad or Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Shibl in arabic, altar base below (scarcer variety) \/ Nagari legend SriJaYan \/ TaRaJa (\"Victorious King\"). 11mm, 0.58 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M56 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41958945390742,"sku":"x1076-w35313","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w35313.jpg?v=1658282114"},{"product_id":"w12863","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.59 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815478422,"sku":"x2706-w12863","price":56.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12863.jpg?v=1659123373"},{"product_id":"w12860","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 12.5mm, 0.53 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M54.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41985815543958,"sku":"x2705-w12860","price":28.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12860.jpg?v=1659123375"},{"product_id":"w36195","title":"AR damma (1\/5 dirham) of al-Rabi', Abbasid governors of Multan, early 800's AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrude bust facing left within a dotted border, Brahmi \"Ra\" (for \"Rabi'\") on the forehead \/\/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa+\" in fields, below Lillah al-Rabbi' in Arabic. 13mmx14mm, 0.57 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M49. SKU T60-36195\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVery rare, full legend is clear. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Rabi™ issued only one type of coin, showing a head on the obverse, which replaced the Arabic legends of the old type. His identity is unknown “ the name œal-Rabi™� was not particularly rare and a number of prominent men with that name lived in the 8th and 9th century CE. In the absence of other information, it is reasonable to assume that al-Rabi™ was an Abbasid sub-governor, or a Sindh-appointed Amir or magistrate, in charge of Multan.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42095532507286,"sku":"x6471-T60-36195","price":43.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36195_ca80edd6-8f51-4098-ac5e-baca9b8ea8c5.jpg?v=1662476208"},{"product_id":"w36198","title":"Silver damma of al-Rabbi', Abbasid governors of Multan, early 800's AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa+\" in fields, below Lillah al-Rabbi' in Arabic \/ Crude bust facing left within a dotted border. 13mm, 0.61 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M49. SKU T24-36198\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Rabi™ issued only one type of coin, showing a head on the obverse, which replaced the Arabic legends of the old type. His identity is unknown “ the name \"al-Rabi\" was not particularly rare and a number of prominent men with that name lived in the 8th and 9th century CE. In the absence of other information, it is reasonable to assume that al-Rabi' was an Abbasid sub-governor, or a Sindh-appointed Amir or magistrate, in charge of Multan.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42095534801046,"sku":"x6431-T24-36198","price":48.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36198_e8903c33-c5f5-4a6a-b9e7-d944397fb064.jpg?v=1662476260"},{"product_id":"w43917","title":"AR damma (1\/5 dirham) of al-Rabi', Abbasid governors of Multan, early 800's AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrude bust facing left within a dotted border, Brahmi \"Ra\" (for \"Rabi'\") on the forehead \/\/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa+\" in fields, below Lillah al-Rabbi' in Arabic. 13mmx14mm, 0.63 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M49. SKU T79-43917\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Rabi issued only one type of coin, showing a head on the obverse, which replaced the Arabic legends of the old type. His identity is unknown - the name al-Rabi was not particularly rare and a number of prominent men with that name lived in the 8th and 9th century CE. In the absence of other information, it is reasonable to assume that al-Rabi was an Abbasid sub-governor, or a Sindh-appointed Amir or magistrate, in charge of Multan.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42099945537686,"sku":"x6470-T79-43917","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w43917.jpg?v=1662492254"},{"product_id":"w43924","title":"AR damma (1\/5 dirham) of Jalam II w\/Sri, Multan, 830's AD, Abbasid governors","description":"\u003cp\u003eHead left, \"Sri\" on the forehead \/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Jah\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Ja(lama) in god\") in arabic. 12mmx14mm, 0.64 grams. Mint of Multan. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M51. SKU T23-43924.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJalam II was probably the Amir of Multan at the time the Province of Sindh broke apart in ca. 840 CE, when the local rulers of Multan, appointed by the Abbasid governors of Sindh, were replaced by independent Amirs. Thus Jalam II was probably the last of such appointees, and his successor Shibl was probably the first of the independent Amirs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42099945898134,"sku":"x6428-T23-43924","price":107.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w43924.jpg?v=1662492261"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-1-5-dirham-of-al-rabi-abbasid-governors-of-multan-early-800s-ad","title":"Silver damma (1\/5 dirham) of al-Rabi, Abbasid governors of Multan, early 800's AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrude bust facing left within a dotted border, Brahmi \"Ra\" (for \"Rabi'\") on the forehead \/\/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa+\" in fields, below Lillah al-Rabbi' in Arabic. 13mmx14mm, 0.63 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M49. SKU X1396-T75-36185\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Rabi issued only one type of coin, showing a head on the obverse, which replaced the Arabic legends of the old type. His identity is unknown - the name al-Rabi was not particularly rare and a number of prominent men with that name lived in the 8th and 9th century CE. In the absence of other information, it is reasonable to assume that al-Rabi was an Abbasid sub-governor, or a Sindh-appointed Amir or magistrate, in charge of Multan.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42201143476374,"sku":"x1396-T75-36185","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36185.jpg?v=1665066133"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-1-5-dirham-of-al-rabi-abbasid-governors-of-multan-early-800s-ad-2","title":"Silver damma (1\/5 dirham) of al-Rabi, Abbasid governors of Multan, early 800's AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrude bust facing left within a dotted border, Brahmi \"Ra\" (for \"Rabi'\") on the forehead \/\/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa+\" in fields, below Lillah al-Rabbi' in Arabic. 13mmx14mm, 0.63 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M49. SKU X1407-T93-36168\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Rabi issued only one type of coin, showing a head on the obverse, which replaced the Arabic legends of the old type. His identity is unknown - the name al-Rabi was not particularly rare and a number of prominent men with that name lived in the 8th and 9th century CE. In the absence of other information, it is reasonable to assume that al-Rabi was an Abbasid sub-governor, or a Sindh-appointed Amir or magistrate, in charge of Multan.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42201601474710,"sku":"x1407-T93-36168","price":37.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36168.jpg?v=1665068871"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-1-5-dirham-of-al-rabi-abbasid-governors-of-multan-early-800s-ad-3","title":"Silver damma (1\/5 dirham) of al-Rabi, Abbasid governors of Multan, early 800's AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrude bust facing left within a dotted border, Brahmi \"Ra\" (for \"Rabi'\") on the forehead \/\/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa+\" in fields, below Lillah al-Rabbi' in Arabic. 13mmx14mm, 0.59 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M49. SKU X1436-T66-36181\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Rabi issued only one type of coin, showing a head on the obverse, which replaced the Arabic legends of the old type. His identity is unknown - the name al-Rabi was not particularly rare and a number of prominent men with that name lived in the 8th and 9th century CE. In the absence of other information, it is reasonable to assume that al-Rabi was an Abbasid sub-governor, or a Sindh-appointed Amir or magistrate, in charge of Multan.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42201605832854,"sku":"X1436-T66-36181","price":37.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36181.jpg?v=1665068967"},{"product_id":"copy-of-ar-damma-1-5-dirham-of-jalam-ii-w-sri-multan-830s-ad-abbasid-governors","title":"AR damma (1\/5 dirham) of Jalam II w\/Nagari, Abbasid governors of Multan, 830s AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Jah (\"Ja(lama) in god\") in arabic \/ Brahmi legend \u003cem\u003eSri Ja \/ La Ma\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Lord Jalam\"). 12mmx14mm, 0.65 grams. Mint of Multan. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\"\" (2018) #M52. SKU X1464-T49-36282.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJalam II was probably the Amir of Multan at the time the Province of Sindh broke apart in ca. 840 CE, when the local rulers of Multan, appointed by the Abbasid governors of Sindh, were replaced by independent Amirs. Thus Jalam II was probably the last of such appointees, and his successor Shibl was probably the first of the independent Amirs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42201613926550,"sku":"x1464-T49-36282","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w36282.jpg?v=1665069133"},{"product_id":"ar-damma-1-5-dirham-of-jalam-ii-w-sri-multan-830s-ad-abbasid-governors","title":"AR damma (1\/5 dirham) of Jalam II w\/Ya, Multan, 830's AD, Abbasid governors (F\/T M50)","description":"\u003cp\u003eHead left, \"Sri\" on the forehead \/ Three dots, stylized Brahmi \"Ya\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Jah\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Ja(lama) in god\") in arabic. 12mmx13mm, 0.53 grams. Mint of Multan. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (2018) #M50.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJalam II was probably the Amir of Multan at the time the Province of Sindh broke apart in ca. 840 CE, when the local rulers of Multan, appointed by the Abbasid governors of Sindh, were replaced by independent Amirs. Thus Jalam II was probably the last of such appointees, and his successor Shibl was probably the first of the independent Amirs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44751373566267,"sku":"x7198-50156","price":99.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w50156.jpg?v=1679505014"},{"product_id":"w12858-jpg","title":"Rare AR damma of Abbasid governor Ahmad, Multan, late 700's-early 800's","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAllah wali\/ Ahmed wa\/ fanasr\u003c\/em\u003e (Allah is a friend of Ahmed and makes him\u003cbr\u003evictorious) \/\/ Stylized fire altar of three dots, stylized Sharada Sri above, \"ta\" to left and \"pa\" to right, auxiliary marks around, Arabic \u003cem\u003e\"Ahmed Lillah wa\"\u003c\/em\u003e (Ahmed in God and) below. 12mm, 0.65 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M44. SKU T2301-12858\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare ruler, from the coinage naming the Abbasid sub-governors of Multan. Especially rare with a full name on obverse (it is usually struck partially off-flan).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44753977377083,"sku":"x9153-T2301-12858","price":73.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/products\/w12858.jpg?v=1679547978"},{"product_id":"ar-damma-of-jalam-ii-w-nagari-abbasid-governors-of-multan-830s-ad","title":"AR damma of Jalam II w\/Nagari, Abbasid governors of Multan, 830s AD","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below Lillah Jah (\"Ja(lama) in god\") in arabic \/ Brahmi legend \u003cem\u003eSri Ja \/ La Ma\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Lord Jalam\"). 12mmx14mm, 0.53 grams. Mint of Multan. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\"\" (2018) #M52. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare. The three-dot coins of Multan were only recently researched and published (see \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"\"\u003eFishman\/Todd's recent catalogue \"The Silver Damma\" (2018))\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJalam II was probably the Amir of Multan at the time the Province of Sindh broke apart in ca. 840 CE, when the local rulers of Multan, appointed by the Abbasid governors of Sindh, were replaced by independent Amirs. Thus Jalam II was probably the last of such appointees, and his successor Shibl was probably the first of the independent Amirs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46597679513915,"sku":"x10459-45134","price":15.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w45134.jpg?v=1692923092"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-of-shibl-c-840-860s-abbasid-governors-of-multan-among-the-first-islamic-coins-in-india","title":"Silver damma of Shibl, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver damma of Shibl, Multan, c.840-860s, Abbasid governors of Multan, among the first Islamic coins in India!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below \u003cem\u003eLillah Shibl\u003c\/em\u003e in arabic \/ Nagari legend \u003cem\u003eSriJaYan \/ TaRaJa\u003c\/em\u003e (\"Victorious King\")\u003cem\u003e.\u003c\/em\u003e 13mmx11mm, 0.56 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" M53 (early type, rare).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins are derived from the earlier \"Sri Tapana\" pre-Islamic Multan coins- as the Arab conquered Sindh and parts of Punjab (including Multan) in the early 700s, the continued minting old-style coins, slowing adding Arabic or Islamic elements to the coinage. The coins are fascinating, as some of them give a native Hindu name along with the Arabic name of the ruler - sometimes these Hindu names are derived from the names of various Hindu gods, which is a fascinating evidence of the cosmopolitan nature of the 9th and 10th century Multani society. These \"3-dot\" coins are the earliest Islamic Indian coins - they were first studied and published only a few years ago, in the Fishman\/Todd's catalogue \"The Silver Damma\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47340665045307,"sku":"x10967-F364","price":65.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/F364.jpg?v=1699380197"},{"product_id":"rare-silver-damma-of-mohamed-iv-early-900s-independent-amirs-of-multan-1","title":"Rare silver damma of Mohamed IV (early 900's), independent Amirs of Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSri Ma Dhu \/ Ma Ti\u003c\/em\u003e in Sharada script which is a sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad \/\/ Three dot motif surrounded by stylized \u003cem\u003eSri TaPa\u003c\/em\u003e with a cross, and [\u003cem\u003eLillah Muhammad]\u003c\/em\u003e (in Kufic\/Arabic) below the three dots. Multan mint. 10mm, 0.53 g. Fishman and Todd M76; Album-1505.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare, a very nice example.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Samids of Multan claimed descent from the Banu Sama which was a part of the Quraysh tribal federation based out of Mecca. They were settled in Oman prior to moving to Sindh and capturing the city of Multan. The Samids ruled Multan till its annexation by Mahmud of Ghazni towards the end of the tenth century CE. Madhumati is a Sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50485639676219,"sku":"x13603-42321","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w42321.jpg?v=1754591058"},{"product_id":"rare-silver-damma-of-mohamed-iv-early-900s-independent-amirs-of-multan-2","title":"Rare silver damma of Mohamed IV (early 900's), independent Amirs of Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSri Ma Dhu \/ Ma Ti\u003c\/em\u003e in Sharada script which is a sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad \/\/ Three dot motif surrounded by stylized \u003cem\u003eSri TaPa\u003c\/em\u003e with a cross, and [\u003cem\u003eLillah Muhammad]\u003c\/em\u003e (in Kufic\/Arabic) below the three dots. Multan mint. 10mm, 0.38 g. Fishman and Todd M76; Album-1505.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare, a very nice example.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Samids of Multan claimed descent from the Banu Sama which was a part of the Quraysh tribal federation based out of Mecca. They were settled in Oman prior to moving to Sindh and capturing the city of Multan. The Samids ruled Multan till its annexation by Mahmud of Ghazni towards the end of the tenth century CE. Madhumati is a Sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50486043574587,"sku":"x9556-59023","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59023.jpg?v=1754614505"},{"product_id":"rrr-silver-damma-of-fahad-930s-950s-independent-amirs-of-multan","title":"RRR silver damma of Fahad (930s\/950's), independent Amirs of Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSri Amara \/ Siyamka\u003c\/em\u003e in Sharada script which is a sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad \/\/ Three dot motif surrounded by stylized \u003cem\u003eSri TaPa\u003c\/em\u003e with a cross, and \u003cem\u003eLillah Fahad\u003c\/em\u003e (in Kufic\/Arabic) below the three dots. Multan mint. 10mm, 0.49 g. Fishman and Todd M79 (legend type 2, the rarer of the two known varieties).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare, with only a handful of known examples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSri Amara Siyaṃka”. “Sri” needs no explanation, while “Amara” could possibly stand for either “Amir” or the Sanskrit word “immortal” (an equivalent of “Deva”).  The word “Siyaka\/ Siyaṃka”, is a personal name made famous by the great King Siyaka (II) (ca. 949-72 CE) of the Paramara dynasty. He ruled Malwa and was a rough contemporary of Fahad. He was also known as Harsha, Harshadeva and Simhabhata, but his full name was probably Harshasimha, with “Siyaka” being the Prakrit rendering of the name “Simha”. “Amarasiyaka” is thus a Prakrit spelling of a well-attested Sanskrit name “Amarasimha\/ Simhadeva”. It is possible that this was Fahad’s Hindu name. Alternatively, it might be a religious reference (as Amarasimha is the “lion-god”) referring to the lion avatar of Vishnu much like many of Fahad’s predecessors referred to the boar avatar of Vishnu. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Samids of Multan claimed descent from the Banu Sama which was a part of the Quraysh tribal federation based out of Mecca. They were settled in Oman prior to moving to Sindh and capturing the city of Multan. The Samids ruled Multan till its annexation by Mahmud of Ghazni towards the end of the tenth century CE. Madhumati is a Sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50486045802811,"sku":"x9557-59022","price":90.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59022.jpg?v=1754614974"},{"product_id":"rare-silver-damma-of-munabbih-i-fl-913-ce-independent-amirs-of-multan-1","title":"Rare plate coin - silver damma of Munabbih (fl.913 CE), independent Amirs of Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSri Adivaraha\u003c\/em\u003e in Sharada script referring to the Man-Boar Avatar of Lord Vishnu \/\/ Three dot motif surrounded by stylized Sri Ta-Pa with a cross, and \u003cem\u003eLillah Munabbih\u003c\/em\u003e in Kufic\/Arabic. 9.5mm, 0.45 grams. Multan mint. Fishman and Todd M75.3 (this coin).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare, a very nice example. A \u003cstrong\u003eplate coin \u003c\/strong\u003efrom the Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" (the standard reference for this sort of coinage), pictured as type M75.3 (page 306).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMunabbih’s coins carry an obverse legend in Sharada script श्री अदिवराह “Sri Adivarāha”. This continued the style of the coins of Munabbih’s father Assad, although “Srimad” was replaced with the simpler “Sri” and “Varāha” was changed to “Adivarāha”.\u003cspan\u003e Adivarāha (also known as Bhuvarāha) is one of the three worshipped forms of Varāha (the others being Pralayavarāha and Yajnavarāha), particularly popular in 9th century CE northern India. Finding an epithet referencing the boar avatar of Vishnu on a coin of Sunni muslim ruler is odd, but it was probably the personal biruda of Munabbih I, which he adopted in imitation of Mihira Bhoja, who was long dead at this point. The implied meaning of this biruda would be that Munabbih rescued his land from enemies the way Varāha rescued earth from the demon. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Samids of Multan claimed descent from the Banu Sama which was a part of the Quraysh tribal federation based out of Mecca. They were settled in Oman prior to moving to Sindh and capturing the city of Multan. The Samids ruled Multan till its annexation by Mahmud of Ghazni towards the end of the tenth century CE. Madhumati is a Sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50486047375675,"sku":"x9558-57442","price":90.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w57442.jpg?v=1754615427"},{"product_id":"very-rare-ar-damma-n-o-fatimid-caliph-al-muizz-953-75-ce-qarmatians-in-multan","title":"Very rare AR damma, n\/o Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz (953-75 CE), Qarmatians in Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLā ilāha illā \/ Allāh Muhammad \/ rasūl Allāh \/ ‘Alī walīyuhu\u003c\/em\u003e (“There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is his messenger\") \/\/ \u003cem\u003eAl-Mu'izz li- \/ din allah Amir \/ al-muminin \/ Ma'ad\u003c\/em\u003e (“al-Mu'izz li-Dinillah, Commander of the Faithful, Ma'ad”). 8.5mm, 0.51 grams. Unnamed (Multan) mint. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #FG1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare Fatimid damma. In the name of Ma'ad (\"Ma'ad\" was the name of Caliph al-Mu'izz\").\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 10th century, Sindh and parts of the Punjab became contested zones between Abbasid authority, local dynasties, and new Shiʿi movements, most notably the Qarmatians and Fatimids. The Qarmatians, an Ismaʿili sect known for their radical opposition to Abbasid rule, launched missionary activity and raids into the region, challenging Sunni dominance. Their success paved the way for Fatimid daʿis (missionaries), who spread Ismaʿili influence through trade routes and urban centers, securing pockets of support among local rulers and merchants. Around 965 AD Multan came under the rule of the Qarmatians. The Qarmatians ruled the region until the early 1000's, when they were exterminated by the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud. The Qarmatians minted rare silver dammas in the name of the ruling Fatimid Caliphs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50577525440827,"sku":"x13788-59416","price":125.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59416.jpg?v=1757621187"},{"product_id":"very-rare-ar-damma-n-o-fatimid-caliph-al-muizz-953-75-ce-qarmatians-in-multan-1","title":"Very rare AR damma, n\/o Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz (953-75 CE), Qarmatians in Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLā ilāha illā \/ Allāh Muhammad \/ rasūl Allāh \/ ‘Alī walīyuhu\u003c\/em\u003e (“There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is his messenger\") \/\/ \u003cem\u003eAl-Mu'izz li- \/ din allah Amir \/ al-muminin \/ Ma'ad\u003c\/em\u003e (“al-Mu'izz li-Dinillah, Commander of the Faithful, Ma'ad”). 8.5mm, 0.51 grams. Unnamed (Multan) mint. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #FG1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare Fatimid damma. In the name of Ma'ad (\"Ma'ad\" was the name of Caliph al-Mu'izz\").\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 10th century, Sindh and parts of the Punjab became contested zones between Abbasid authority, local dynasties, and new Shiʿi movements, most notably the Qarmatians and Fatimids. The Qarmatians, an Ismaʿili sect known for their radical opposition to Abbasid rule, launched missionary activity and raids into the region, challenging Sunni dominance. Their success paved the way for Fatimid daʿis (missionaries), who spread Ismaʿili influence through trade routes and urban centers, securing pockets of support among local rulers and merchants. Around 965 AD Multan came under the rule of the Qarmatians. The Qarmatians ruled the region until the early 1000's, when they were exterminated by the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud. The Qarmatians minted rare silver dammas in the name of the ruling Fatimid Caliphs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50577527963963,"sku":"x13789-59417","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59417.jpg?v=1757621302"},{"product_id":"very-rare-ar-damma-n-o-fatimid-caliph-al-muizz-953-75-ce-qarmatians-in-multan-2","title":"Very rare AR damma, n\/o Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz (953-75 CE), Qarmatians in Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLā ilāha illā \/ Allāh Muhammad \/ rasūl Allāh \/ ‘Alī walīyuhu\u003c\/em\u003e (“There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is his messenger\") \/\/ \u003cem\u003eAl-Mu'izz li- \/ din allah Amir \/ al-muminin \/ Ma'ad\u003c\/em\u003e (“al-Mu'izz li-Dinillah, Commander of the Faithful, Ma'ad”). 9mm, 0.46 grams. Unnamed (Multan) mint. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #FG1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare Fatimid damma. In the name of Ma'ad (\"Ma'ad\" was the name of Caliph al-Mu'izz\").\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 10th century, Sindh and parts of the Punjab became contested zones between Abbasid authority, local dynasties, and new Shiʿi movements, most notably the Qarmatians and Fatimids. The Qarmatians, an Ismaʿili sect known for their radical opposition to Abbasid rule, launched missionary activity and raids into the region, challenging Sunni dominance. Their success paved the way for Fatimid daʿis (missionaries), who spread Ismaʿili influence through trade routes and urban centers, securing pockets of support among local rulers and merchants. Around 965 AD Multan came under the rule of the Qarmatians. The Qarmatians ruled the region until the early 1000's, when they were exterminated by the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud. The Qarmatians minted rare silver dammas in the name of the ruling Fatimid Caliphs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50577529143611,"sku":"x13790-59418","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59418.jpg?v=1757621369"},{"product_id":"very-rare-ar-damma-n-o-fatimid-caliph-al-muizz-953-75-ce-qarmatians-in-multan-3","title":"Very rare AR damma, n\/o Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz (953-75 CE), Qarmatians in Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLā ilāha illā \/ Allāh Muhammad \/ rasūl Allāh \/ ‘Alī walīyuhu\u003c\/em\u003e (“There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is his messenger\") \/\/ \u003cem\u003eAl-Mu'izz li- \/ din allah Amir \/ al-muminin \/ Ma'ad\u003c\/em\u003e (“al-Mu'izz li-Dinillah, Commander of the Faithful, Ma'ad”). 8.5mm, 0.40 grams. Unnamed (Multan) mint. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #FG1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare Fatimid damma. In the name of Ma'ad (\"Ma'ad\" was the name of Caliph al-Mu'izz\").\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 10th century, Sindh and parts of the Punjab became contested zones between Abbasid authority, local dynasties, and new Shiʿi movements, most notably the Qarmatians and Fatimids. The Qarmatians, an Ismaʿili sect known for their radical opposition to Abbasid rule, launched missionary activity and raids into the region, challenging Sunni dominance. Their success paved the way for Fatimid daʿis (missionaries), who spread Ismaʿili influence through trade routes and urban centers, securing pockets of support among local rulers and merchants. Around 965 AD Multan came under the rule of the Qarmatians. The Qarmatians ruled the region until the early 1000's, when they were exterminated by the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud. The Qarmatians minted rare silver dammas in the name of the ruling Fatimid Caliphs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50577532289339,"sku":"x13791-59419","price":99.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59419.jpg?v=1757621450"},{"product_id":"very-rare-ar-damma-n-o-fatimid-caliph-al-muizz-953-75-ce-qarmatians-in-multan-4","title":"Very rare AR damma, n\/o Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz (953-75 CE), Qarmatians in Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLā ilāha illā \/ Allāh Muhammad \/ rasūl Allāh \/ ‘Alī walīyuhu\u003c\/em\u003e (“There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is his messenger\") \/\/ \u003cem\u003eAl-Mu'izz li- \/ din allah Amir \/ al-muminin \/ Ma'ad\u003c\/em\u003e (“al-Mu'izz li-Dinillah, Commander of the Faithful, Ma'ad”). 9mm, 0.44 grams. Unnamed (Multan) mint. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #FG1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare Fatimid damma. In the name of Ma'ad (\"Ma'ad\" was the name of Caliph al-Mu'izz\").\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 10th century, Sindh and parts of the Punjab became contested zones between Abbasid authority, local dynasties, and new Shiʿi movements, most notably the Qarmatians and Fatimids. The Qarmatians, an Ismaʿili sect known for their radical opposition to Abbasid rule, launched missionary activity and raids into the region, challenging Sunni dominance. Their success paved the way for Fatimid daʿis (missionaries), who spread Ismaʿili influence through trade routes and urban centers, securing pockets of support among local rulers and merchants. Around 965 AD Multan came under the rule of the Qarmatians. The Qarmatians ruled the region until the early 1000's, when they were exterminated by the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud. The Qarmatians minted rare silver dammas in the name of the ruling Fatimid Caliphs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50577533468987,"sku":"x13792-59420","price":110.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59420.jpg?v=1757621515"},{"product_id":"very-rare-ar-damma-n-o-fatimid-caliph-al-muizz-953-75-ce-qarmatians-in-multan-5","title":"Very rare AR damma, n\/o Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz (953-75 CE), Qarmatians in Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLā ilāha illā \/ Allāh Muhammad \/ rasūl Allāh \/ ‘Alī walīyuhu\u003c\/em\u003e (“There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is his messenger\") \/\/ \u003cem\u003eAl-Mu'izz li- \/ din allah Amir \/ al-muminin \/ Ma'ad\u003c\/em\u003e (“al-Mu'izz li-Dinillah, Commander of the Faithful, Ma'ad”). 8.5mm, 0.45 grams. Unnamed (Multan) mint. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #FG1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery rare Fatimid damma. In the name of Ma'ad (\"Ma'ad\" was the name of Caliph al-Mu'izz\").\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 10th century, Sindh and parts of the Punjab became contested zones between Abbasid authority, local dynasties, and new Shiʿi movements, most notably the Qarmatians and Fatimids. The Qarmatians, an Ismaʿili sect known for their radical opposition to Abbasid rule, launched missionary activity and raids into the region, challenging Sunni dominance. Their success paved the way for Fatimid daʿis (missionaries), who spread Ismaʿili influence through trade routes and urban centers, securing pockets of support among local rulers and merchants. Around 965 AD Multan came under the rule of the Qarmatians. The Qarmatians ruled the region until the early 1000's, when they were exterminated by the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud. The Qarmatians minted rare silver dammas in the name of the ruling Fatimid Caliphs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50577534550331,"sku":"x13793-59415","price":112.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59415.jpg?v=1757621561"},{"product_id":"rare-silver-damma-of-mohamed-iv-early-900s-independent-amirs-of-multan-3","title":"Rare silver damma of Mohamed IV (early 900's), independent Amirs of Multan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSri Ma Dhu \/ Ma Ti\u003c\/em\u003e in Sharada script which is a sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad \/\/ Three dot motif surrounded by stylized \u003cem\u003eSri TaPa\u003c\/em\u003e with a cross, and [\u003cem\u003eLillah Muhammad]\u003c\/em\u003e (in Kufic\/Arabic) below the three dots. Multan mint. 11mmx7mm, 0.45 g. Fishman and Todd M76; Album-1505.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRare, a very nice example. Coins of Mohamed IV were first identified only in 2018 (in Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\"). They remain rare.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Samids of Multan claimed descent from the Banu Sama which was a part of the Quraysh tribal federation based out of Mecca. They were settled in Oman prior to moving to Sindh and capturing the city of Multan. The Samids ruled Multan till its annexation by Mahmud of Ghazni towards the end of the tenth century CE. Madhumati is a Sanskritization of the Arabic name Muhammad.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NumisMall.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50606786314555,"sku":"x10721-59520","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59520.jpg?v=1758750070"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-of-mohammed-iii-mihira-deva-amir-of-multan-fl-861-ce-f-t-m59-2","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE (F\/T M59)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 12mm, 0.50 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50699023057211,"sku":"x10099-59794","price":27.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59794.jpg?v=1762208256"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-of-mohammed-iii-mihira-deva-amir-of-multan-fl-861-ce-f-t-m59-3","title":"Nice AR damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE (F\/T M59)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 13mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50699027185979,"sku":"x10158-59793","price":21.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59793.jpg?v=1762208353"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-of-mohammed-iii-mihira-deva-amir-of-multan-fl-861-ce-f-t-m59-4","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE (F\/T M59)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 13mm, 0.60 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50712817566011,"sku":"x10145-59807","price":20.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59807.jpg?v=1762744838"},{"product_id":"lot-of-8-nice-silver-dammas-of-mohammed-iii-amir-of-multan-fl-861-ce","title":"Lot of 8 nicer silver dammas of Mohammed III, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE","description":"\u003cp\u003eLot of 8 silver dammas, as pictured below. The buyer will receive the exact coins on the picture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 11-13mm, around 0.60 grams each. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59 or similar (there are a few varieties of these).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50712821760315,"sku":"x10146-59798","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59798.jpg?v=1762744934"},{"product_id":"lot-of-8-nicer-silver-dammas-of-mohammed-iii-amir-of-multan-fl-861-ce","title":"Lot of 8 nicer silver dammas of Mohammed III, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE","description":"\u003cp\u003eLot of 8 silver dammas, as pictured below. The buyer will receive the exact coins on the picture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 11-13mm, around 0.60 grams each. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59 or similar (there are a few varieties of these).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50712828117307,"sku":"x10147-59797","price":49.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59797.jpg?v=1762745097"},{"product_id":"silver-damma-of-mohammed-iii-mihira-deva-amir-of-multan-fl-861-ce-f-t-m59-5","title":"Silver damma of Mohammed III \/ Mihira Deva, Amir of Multan, fl.861 CE (F\/T M59)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThree dots, stylized Brahmi \"Sri\" above, Brahmi letters \"Ta\" and \"Pa\" in fields, below\u003cem\u003e Lillah Mohammed \u003c\/em\u003ein crude arabic \/ Brahmi legend \"\u003cem\u003eSri Mi Hi \/ Ra De Va\u003c\/em\u003e\". 13mm, 0.63 grams. Fishman\/Todd \"The Silver Damma\" #M59.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad III, identified as Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Munabbih, was an Arab ruler of Multan who seized power in the early 860s CE, likely around 861–864 CE, during the fragmentation of Abbasid control in Sindh. His coinage, slightly lighter than that of his predecessor Shibl, confirms he reigned shortly afterward and introduced a modest two percent depreciation. Probably an Arab adventurer or Caliphal officer who capitalized on local instability, Muhammad III established the Banu Munabbih dynasty, named after his grandfather, which ruled Multan for nearly a century. He was known for his bold takeover of the wealthy city and his controversial act of desecrating the Sun-temple’s idol without destroying it. Numismatic and historical evidence together place him as the father of Asad and grandfather of Munabbih bin Asad, situating his reign firmly in the 860s CE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAll coins of Mohammed III show the same Sanskrit legend in Sharada script on the obverse\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e“Sri Mihira Deva”. This reference to Mihira on an Islamic coin is stunning. Sri Mihira Deva – “Holy God Mihira” or “Holy Mihiradeva” – is a Hindu deity, identical with the God Mithra or the Vedic Mitra, the Sun-god, particularly venerated in Multan where the important Sun-temple was built in dedication to this deity.  \u003cspan\u003e“Mihira Deva” was probably a biruda, a royal epithet, for Amir Muhammad III himself. This might have carried a meaning of “Shining like the sun” or something similar to “The Sun King”, certainly an attractive epithet for a ruler of Multan and in line with the long series of Hindu birudas seemingly used by the Amirs of Multan.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NumisMallstore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50712828903739,"sku":"x10148-59806","price":15.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/files\/w59806.jpg?v=1762745209"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0447\/1750\/6710\/collections\/Hassan1a.jpg?v=1600264083","url":"https:\/\/www.numismall.com\/collections\/caliphal-governors-and-amirs-of-multan-712-960-ad.oembed?page=2","provider":"NumisMall","version":"1.0","type":"link"}